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Sahle-Work Zewde: Rais mpya wa Ethiopia asiye na 'meno'

Sahle-Work ZewdeTaarifa za Ethiopia kumchagua rais wa kwanza mwanamke zimepokelewa kwa shangwe kote barani Afrika, lakini swali ni; rais huyo ana mamlaka gani?
Katika Jamuhuri nyingi duniani cheo cha rais kinashikilia mamlaka yote ya kisiasa na kidola. Jina la rais linawakilisha nguvu na uwezo wa kufanya maamuzi ya mwisho kwa mujibu wa katiba.
Changamoto kubwa ya kisiasa duniani na hususan Afrika ni kuwaamini na kuwachagua wanawake katika nafasi kuu za kiuongozi. Na pale inapotokea mwanamke kuchaguliwa katika ofisi kuu ya nchi moja bara zima hushangilia na kupigia mfano.
Kuchaguliwa Bi Sahle-Work Zewde na wabunge kuwa rais wa Ethiopia ni habari nzuri katika harakati za kuwainua wanawake wa Afrika, lakini wengi walioshangilia ushindi wake nje ya Ethiopia hawafahamu ukomo wa mamlaka yake.Wengi wanamjumuisha Bi Zewde katika fungu moja na Bi Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, rais mstaafu wa Liberia na Bi Joyce Banda rais mstaafu wa Malawi.
Ingawa wote wanabeba jina la Rais, kimamlaka Bi Zewde hayupo sawa na wanawake hao wengine wawili.
Bi Zewde yupo sawa na rais mstaafu wa Mauritus Ameenah Gurib-Fakim. Urais wao ni wa kiitifaki, kwa kingereza huitwa ceremonial.
Nchini Ethiopia katiba yao ya mwaka 1995 imewekeza nguvu zote za kisiasa na kiutendaji kwa Waziri Mkuu.
Hivyo, kiuhalisia, Waziri Mkuu wa nchi hiyo, Bw Abiy Ahmed ananguvu zaidi ya Rais wake Bi Zewde.
Ahmed ni mkuu wa serikali na Zewde ni mkuu wa nchi.
.
Ethipoia si nchi pekee yenye mfumo kama huo. Mauritius ni nchi nyengine ya Afrika inayotumia mfumo huo.
Duniani baadhi ya nchi zenye mfumo kama huo ni India, Ujerumani, Italia na Israeli.
Kiongozi mkuu anayefahamika zaidi wa Ujerumani ni Kansela Angela Markel na yeye ndiye mwenye mamlaka ya kuongoza serikali. Rais wa Ujerumani ambaye wengi nje ya nchi hiyo wanaweza kuwa hawajahi kumskia anaitwa Frank-Walter Steinmeier.
Kwa upande wa India mwenye mamlaka ya kiutendaji na maamuzi ya kiserikali ni Waziri Mkuu Narendra Modi. Rais wa India anaitwa Ram Nath Kovind.
Kwa upande wa Israeli mwenye hatamu za kuingoza serikali ni Waziri Mkuu Benjamin Netanyahu. Rais wa nchi hiyo ni Reuven Rivlin.
Katika mfumo huo, miongoni mwa kazi za rais ambaye ni mkuu wa nchi ni kuishauri serikali inayoongozwa na Waziri Mkuu na baraza la mawaziri. Kutangaza hali ya vita baada ya kushauriwa na bunge, kupokea hati za mabalozi wa kigeni, kuitisha uchaguzi na kutaja jina la mshindi wa uwaziri mkuu.
Rais pia hukubali na kutangaza kujiuzulu kwa waziri mkuu na serikali pale hali hiyo inapotokea.
Kwa baadhi ya nchi zenye mfumo wa kifalme, cheo na madaraka ya rais wa Ethipoia huwa ni ya Malkia ama Mfalme. Mfano mzuri ni Uingereza ambapo malkia Elizabeth ni mkuu wa nchi na Waziri Mkuu Bi Theresa May ni kiongozi wa serikali na hivyo mamlaka yote ya kiutawala wa dola yapo chini yake.

Tanganyika ilipopata uhuru mwaka 1961, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere alikuwa Waziri Mkuu na kiongozi wa serikali. Mkuu wa nchi alikuwa Malkia Elizabeth wa Uingereza.
Januari 22, 1962 Nyerere alijiuzulu wadhifa huo na Rashidi Kawawa kuchukua nafasi yake. Mabadiliko ya katiba ikaifanya Tanganyika kuwa Jamuhuri Desemba 9,1962 na Nyerere kuwa Rais. Malkia wa Uingereza akakoma kuwa mkuu wa nchi ya Tanganyika.

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